Does Us Military Aid Israel Save Us Money

Coming together Israel's Special Needs
Regular Economical and Military machine Assistance
Refugee Assist
Bush Agrees to 10-Year Armed services Assist Agreement
Obama Signs Largest Help Agreement
U.South.-State of israel Scientific and Business concern Cooperation
Implementing the Obama-Netanyahu MOU
The Biden Era Begins
Quality Military Edge
Total Aid

"It is my responsibility to see that our policy in State of israel fits in with our policy throughout the world; second, information technology is my desire to help build in Palestine a strong, prosperous, costless and independent democratic country. It must exist large enough, free enough, and potent enough to make its people self-supporting and secure," President Truman said in a speech October 28, 1948.

Truman'southward delivery was quickly tested later on Israel'south victory in its State of war of Independence when the new government applied to the U.S. for economic help to help absorb immigrants. President Truman responded by blessing a $135 million Consign-Import Bank loan and the sale of surplus commodities to Israel. In those early on years of Israel'due south statehood (also today), U.S. assistance was seen every bit a means of promoting peace.

In 1951, Congress voted to help Israel cope with the economic burdens imposed by the influx of Jewish refugees from the Arab countries. Arabs so complained the U.S. was neglecting them, though they had no interest in or use for American aid then. In 1951, Syria rejected offers of U.S. aid. Oil-rich Iraq and Saudi Arabia did not need U.S. economical help, and Jordan was, until the late 1950s, the ward of Great britain. After 1957, when the United States assumed responsibility for supporting Jordan and resumed economical assistance to Egypt, assistance to the Arab states soared. Also, the United States was by far the biggest contributor of assist to the Palestinians through UNRWA, a status that continues to the present.

U.S. economical grants to State of israel concluded in 1959. U.S. aid to State of israel from and so until 1985 consisted largely of loans, which Israel repaid, and surplus bolt, which State of israel bought. Israel began buying arms from the United States in 1962, but did not receive any grant military assistance until after the 1973 Yom Kippur War. As a result, Israel had to go deeply into debt to finance its economical development and arms procurement. The conclusion to convert war machine aid to grants that year was based on the prevailing view in Congress that without a potent Israel, war in the Middle East was more likely, and that the U.South. would face higher directly expenditures in such an eventuality.

Israel has received more direct aid from the U.s. since Earth War II than any other country, but the amounts for the first one-half of this period were relatively small. Between 1949 and 1973, the U.South. provided Israel with an average of well-nigh $122 one thousand thousand a year, a total of $iii.ane billion (and really more than than $1 billion of that was loans for war machine equipment in 1971-73) . Prior to 1971, Israel received a total of only $277 1000000 in military aid, all in the course of loans as credit sales. The bulk of the economic help was likewise lent to Israel. By comparing, the Arab states received nearly three times as much aid earlier 1971, $4.4 billion, or $170 million per year. Moreover, unlike Israel, which receives virtually all its aid from the United States, Arab nations have gotten assist from Asia, Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union and the European Community. Congress outset designated a specific amount of assistance for Israel (an earmark) in 1971.

Meeting Israel's Special Needs

Since 1973, State of israel has received more than $120 billion in assistance, including three special aid packages. The first followed the signing of the Israel-Arab republic of egypt peace treaty and State of israel's withdrawal from the Sinai. The redeployment of Israeli forces and rebuilding of air bases in the Negev cost $5 billion. To partially compensate for this sacrifice, Israel received $3 billion ($2.2 billion of which was in the form of high-interest loans) in U.South. aid in 1979.

The second special packet was canonical in 1985, post-obit a severe economic crisis in State of israel, which sent aggrandizement rates soaring as high as 445 percentage. The $i.5 billion in emergency assistance-disbursed in ii installments, in 1985 and 1986-was provided as role of Israel's economical stabilization programme, which was implemented nether the guidance of the U.Southward.-Israel Joint Economic Development Group (JEDG).

An boggling package was approved in 1996 to help Israel fight terrorism. Israel is to receive a total of $100 million, divided equally betwixt fiscal years 1996 and 1997.

Regular Economic and Military Assistance

State of israel's economic help inverse from the Commodity Import Plan (CIP), which provides funds to strange nations for the buy of U.Southward. commodities, to a direct cash transfer in 1979. In return, Israel provided the Bureau for International Evolution with assurances that the dollar level of Israel'due south not-defense force imports from the U.S. would exceed the level of economic help granted Israel in any given year. Thus, State of israel guaranteed that U.Southward. suppliers would not be disadvantaged by the termination of State of israel's CIP Programme.

Starting in 1982, Israel began to receive all its economical assist in a lump sum early in the fiscal year instead of in quarterly installments as is done for other countries. From fiscal twelvemonth 1987 until 1999, Israel received $ane.2 billion annually in all grant economical aid and $1.8 billion in all grant military assistance. In 1998, Israel offered to voluntarily reduce its dependence on U.S. economical assistance. According to an agreement reached with the Clinton Administration and Congress, the $ane.2 billion economic aid packet volition exist reduced by $120 million each year and then that information technology volition be phased out in ten years. Half of the annual savings in economic assistance each yr ($60 million) will exist added to State of israel's military assist package in recognition of its increased security needs. In 2005, State of israel received $360 million in economic aid and $2.22 billion in military help. In 2006, economical assist was scheduled to be reduced to $240 million and armed forces aid increased to $2.28 billion.

For several years, most of Israel's economic aid went to pay off former debts. In 1984, foreign aid legislation included the Cranston Amendment (named later its Senate sponsor), which said the U.Southward. would provide Israel with economic assistance not less than the amount Israel owes the United States in almanac debt service payments. The Cranston Amendment was left out of the FY1999 and subsequent appropriations bills. At that time Israel received $i.2 billion in ESF and owed only $328 million in debt service so the subpoena was no longer needed.

In 1998, Israel was designated as a "major not-NATO ally," which allows it to receive outdated military equipment the U.Due south. armed forces wishes to sell or give away.

For several years, roughly 26 percentage of what Israel received in Strange Military Financing (FMF) could exist spent in Israel for armed forces procurement. From FY1988 to FY 1990, State of israel was allowed to use $400 million in Israel. From FY1991 to FY1998, the corporeality was increased to $475 million. Every bit U.S. military aid to Israel increased, according to the understanding to cut economical aid, the amout set bated for defense purchases in State of israel has increased (but the percentage has remained roughly the same). In 2009, the figure was $671 million. The remaining 74 percent of FMF was spent in the United States to generate profits and jobs. More than than ane,000 companies in 47 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico have signed contracts worth billions of dollars through this program.

At the end of 1998, Israel requested an additional $one.two billion in aid to fund moving troops and armed services installations out of the occupied territories as called for in the October 23, 1998, Wye agreement. Israel received $600 meg of this in military assist in FY1999 and $300 one thousand thousand in each financial year 2000 and 2001 (see Wye funding table).

In February 2003, for the first time, Congress voted to cut aid to Israel against the wishes of the pro-State of israel vestibule and the government of State of israel. The 0.65 percent deduction was non aimed at Israel; however, it was an across the board cutting of all strange aid programs for fiscal twelvemonth 2003. The lobby and government also suffered a defeat when Congress deleted an assistants request for an extra $200 million to help Israel fight terrorism. Fifty-fifty while cutting aid to Israel (which nevertheless was budgeted at $2.ane billion for military machine aid and $600 million for economic help), Congress included a number of provisions in the assistance bill viewed equally favorable to Israel, including a provision that confined federal assistance to a future Palestinian state until the current Palestinian leadership is replaced, and that state demonstrates a commitment to peaceful coexistence with Israel, and takes measures to combat terrorism.

The setbacks were also temporary as the Administration approved a supplementary aid asking in 2003 that included $one billion in FMF and $9 billion in loan guarantees to aid Israel's economic recovery and compensate for the toll of armed services preparations associated with the war in Republic of iraq. Ane quarter of the FMF is a greenbacks grant and three quarters will be spent in the United States. The loan guarantees are spread over iii years and must be spent within Israel's pre-June 1967 borders. Each year, an amount equal to the funds State of israel spends on settlements in the territories will be deducted from the loan amount, forth with all fees and subsidies.

Refugee Assistance

Since 1973, Israel has received more than $ane.7 billion in grants from the State Department's Migration and Refugee Aid account to assist in the resettlement of migrants to Israel. Originally the funds were for resettlement in State of israel of refugees from the Soviet Union. Starting in 1985, funding was made available to "refugees resettling in State of israel" to ensure that Ethiopian Jews would be covered by the funding.

Funds are paid to the United Israel Appeal, which in turn transfers the funds to the Jewish Agency for Israel. Almanac amounts have varied from a low of $5 one thousand thousand to a high of $80 million, based at least partly on the number of Jewish refugees. According to the Congressional Enquiry Service, "petty differentiation is made between Jewish 'refugees' and other Jewish immigrants, and the funds are used to support the absorption of all immigrants."

Bush-league Agrees To 10-Year Military Help Agreement

In August 2007, the Bush Administration agreed to increase U.S. military machine assistance to Israel by $half-dozen billion over the following decade. State of israel is to receive incremental almanac increases of $150 mllion, starting at $two.55 billion in FY2009 and reaching $3.15 billion per twelvemonth for FY2013-2018.

2009	$two.55 billion
2010	$two.lxx billion
2011	$2.85 billion
2012	$3.00 billion
2013-2018	$3.15 billion per year

In 1991, Israel began to receive its FMF in a lump sum in the first calendar month of the fiscal year. State of israel also enjoys the benefit of cash flow financing, which enables Israel to negotiate major arms purchases with U.South. defense suppliers with payments scheduled over a longer fourth dimension horizon.

In addition to FMF, Israel also receives coin for the joint evolution of missile defense systems. These amounts accept been growing over the years, with the bulk of the funding going to the Pointer program.

Obama Signs Largest Aid Agreement

In September 2016, the two governments signed a new ten-year Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) on armed services aid covering FY2019 to FY2028. Although Prime number Government minister Benjamin Netanyahu sought a larger parcel, the MOU provides Israel with a record $38 billion in military aid ($33 billion in Strange War machine Financing (FMF) grants plus $5 billion in missile defense appropriations). Co-ordinate to the Congressional Record Service, This new MOU replaces the $xxx billion 10-twelvemonth agreement, which expires in FY2018. The terms of this MOU differ from previous U.S.-Israel aid agreements. For example, under the terms of the new MOU, Israel'due south ability to convert 26.3% of annual FMF grants from dollars to shekels for use in Israel will remain until FY2024, but will and so be gradually phased out, catastrophe entirely in FY2028. Israel also volition no longer be permitted to utilize a portion of its FMF to purchase fuel from the U.s.a..

In addition, under the terms of the new MOU, the Assistants pledges to asking $500 million in annual combined funding for joint U.S.-Israeli missile defense programs such equally Fe Dome, Arrow II and Arrow Iii, and David'due south Sling. Previous MOUs did not include missile defense funding. Finally, as part of the new MOU, it has been reported that Israel pledged to reimburse the U.Southward. regime if Israel receives more congressional aid for FMF or missile defense in the last years of the current MOU (2017-2018). Israel likewise may have pledged not to asking that Congress advisable regular or supplemental military machine aid to Israel above the agreed upon annual amounts in the 2019-2028 MOU except in emergency circumstances, such every bit a regional state of war. In response, many Members of Congress take reiterated that funds pledged by the executive branch in any MOU are always subject field to Congressional approval and that Congress may appropriate funds as it sees fit (Jeremy Grand. Abrupt, U.Due south. Foreign Assistance to State of israel, Congressional Research Service, December 22, 2016).

Before embarking on his start international trip in May 2017 where he visited Saudi Arabia, Israel, and various European nations, the Trump assistants announced information technology was adding an additional $75 million to the MOU signed in September 2016 for State of israel'southward missile defense programs.

The $one.three trillion upkeep passed past Congress in March 2018 contained $3.1 billion in military aid for Israel, along with $705.8 million for U.Southward.-Israel missile defence cooperation, and $47.five million for U.Due south.-Israel anti-tunnel cooperation to research, develop, test, and evaluate anti-tunnel capabilities that observe, map, and neutralize secret tunnels. That's a tape parcel of most $three.9 billion. The armed services aid was the get-go installment of the MOU approved by the Obama administration. While the corporeality of that understanding was hailed for being a tape amount, Obama added several conditions aimed at weakening AIPAC'southward influence and preventing Israel from seeking additional aid from Congress. The MOUs are not legally binding, withal, and Congress is not bound by their terms. Hence, Congress increased the appropriation for Israel'due south missile defence plan by $105 million and anti-tunneling technologies past $five million over the previous twelvemonth'southward budget.

In improver, for the showtime time, the U.Southward. defense budget for FY2019 included a provision for cooperation with Israel in countering unmanned aerial systems. Specifically, the ii countries will identify the capability gaps that be, identify cooperative projects that would address the gaps, assess the costs of the research and development, and appraise the costs of procuring and fielding the capabilities developed.

The 10-year security assistance MOU signed by Obama went into consequence under the Trump administration in October 2018.

U.S.-Israeli Scientific & Business Cooperation

In the early 1970s, Israeli academics and businessmen began looking for ways to expand investment in Israel's engineering sector. At the time, Israel'southward nascent technology sector, which would afterwards become the driving forcefulness in the land's economy, was in demand of private capital for research and evolution. The Us and Israel launched several programs to stimulate Israeli industrial and scientific research, and Congress has on several occasions authorized and appropriated funds for this purpose to the Israel-U.Due south. Binational Research & Development Foundation (BIRD), U.S.-State of israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF), Binational Agronomics and Enquiry and Development Fund (BARD) and the U.S.-Israel Scientific discipline and Technology Foundation (USISTF).

In 2005, Congress began to consider legislation to aggrandize U.S.-Israeli scientific cooperation in the field of renewable energy. In 2007, language from earlier proposed legislation, The United States-State of israel Energy Cooperation Deed, was incorporated into the Renewable Fuels, Consumer Protection, and Energy Efficiency Human activity of 2007. The law established a seven-twelvemonth grant programme to support enquiry, development, and commercialization of renewable energy or energy efficiency. In December 2014, President Obama signed the United States-State of israel Strategic Partnership Human activity of 2014, which reauthorized the U.Due south.-Israeli Energy Cooperation program for an additional ten years until September 30, 2024. As of FY2021, U.S. and Israeli investment in BIRD Free energy for 60 approved projects totalled $47.5 million – $23.seven million from the U.s.. In 2021, BIRD Free energy awarded $5.48 million in grants to six clean free energy projects to advance "vehicle technologies, batteries, free energy efficiency measures, energy storage and the water-energy nexus."

The BIRD Foundation also manages the BIRD Homeland Security Program, a cooperative undertaking between the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the Israel Ministry of Public Security (MOPS) to further articulation enquiry of advanced technologies for Homeland Security. Currently, DHS's Scientific discipline and Technology Directorate (S&T) is working together with Israeli counterparts to develop technologies for first responders. As of FY2021, Congress has provided a total of $11 million in funding for BIRD HLS

The Partnership Act of 2014 also called on the Secretary of Energy to found a joint Us-Israel Energy Center in the The states leveraging the experience, knowledge, and expertise of institutions of higher educational activity and entities in the private sector, amid others, in offshore free energy development to farther dialogue and collaboration to develop more robust academic cooperation in energy innovation applied science and engineering, h2o science, engineering transfer, and assay of emerging geopolitical implications, crises and threats from foreign natural resource and free energy acquisitions, and the development of domestic resources every bit a response.

In 2018, the U.Due south. Department of Energy and the Israeli Energy Ministry agreed to establish the U.South.-Israel Center of Excellence in Energy, Technology and Water Technology. As of FY2021, Congress has appropriated $xvi million for the center, and the Israeli authorities and private sector partners take matched those funds. Potential research areas identified by the Energy Center include energy cybersecurity in disquisitional infrastructure, free energy storage, and production and utilization of natural gas.

Since 1978, medical and health researchers from the U.S. Army and Israel Defense Forces accept held the biennial Shoresh briefing to share information on military operational medicine, communicable diseases, and combat intendance. Congress appropriated $ii 1000000 in FY2021 funding for "for the evolution of health technologies, including but not limited to the post-obit: artificial intelligence, biofeedback, sensors, monitoring devices, and kidney intendance." Another $4 million was authorized for bilateral cooperation between the U.S. Department of Wellness and Man Services and the Authorities of Israel to focus on health technologies to address the challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Implementing the Obama-Netanyahu MOU

In December 2019, Congress passed the 2020 budget, which included $three.8 billion in U.S. security help to Israel and $500 million for U.S.-Israel missile defense cooperation, as outlined in the 2016 U.S.-Israel Memorandum of Understanding. The legislation included several significant provisions, including:

• $13 1000000 for U.S.-Israel counter-unmanned aeriform systems cooperation to develop technologies to counter drone warfare.
• $6 million included for energy, water, homeland security and cybersecurity cooperation.
• The agreement for emergency weapons stockpiles in State of israel was extended for two years.
• Withholding 5% of U.S. funding to any UN specialized agency that acts against the national security interest of the U.Due south. or an ally of the U.S., including Israel. No funding is provided to United nations bodies with a history of anti-Israel bias, including UNRWA, UNESCO and the Human Rights Quango.
• Calculation new reporting requirements related to the UN Interim Forcefulness in Lebanon (UNIFIL) and expressing concerns regarding Hezbollah'southward violations of Un Security Council Resolution 1701.
• Incorporating the Eastern Mediterranean Security and Energy Partnership Act of 2019, which provides for expanded energy and security cooperation between the U.S., Hellenic republic, Cyprus, and State of israel.
• Funding for the construction of a permanent chemical compound for the U.S. Diplomatic mission in Jerusalem.
• Standing dollar-for-dollar reductions in assistance for any prisoner- or terrorist-related payments by the Palestinian Authority (referred to as "pay-to-slay").
• Funding Israeli-Palestinian security cooperation, people-to-people initiatives, and articulation research cooperation between Israel and its neighbors.

In March 2020, the Department of Defense announced plans to sell new KC-46 Pegasus aerial refueling aircraft to State of israel. In July, the Trump assistants agreed to provide Israel with 990 million gallons of diesel and gasoline for ground vehicles, and jet fuel for shipping at a price of $3 billion. The expense of the fuel will be covered by U.S. assistance money given to Israel.

The coronavirus relief neb passed in December 2020 included $250 million over a five-yr period for the Nita M. Lowey Middle East Partnership for Peace Act to expand peacebuilding measures betwixt Israel and the Palestinians, every bit well supporting projects to eternalize the Palestinian economy.

The Biden Era Begins

In February 2021, the Israeli cabinet agreed to use roughly $2.74 billion in war machine help to buy F-35 and F-15 fighter jets, heavy send helicopters, refueling planes, interceptor missiles, advanced bombs for aircraft and other equipment deemed critical by the military.

In May 2021, the assistants agreed to a weapons transfer worth $735 million consisting mainly of Joint Straight Attack Munitions, or JDAMS, kits that transform so-called "dumb" bombs into precision-guided missiles. Boeing will provide the weapons.

In August 2021, the Country Department approved the sale of xviii CH-53 King Stallion heavy lift helicopters to State of israel for $3.4 billion. The choppers will enhance the IAF adequacy to send armored vehicles, personnel and equipment to support military machine operations.

President Biden also pledged to provide $1 billion to replenish Iron Dome stocks depleted during Operation Guardian of the Walls. In September, the Firm voted 420-9 to approve the help; however, Senator Rand Paul (R-KY) blocked a unanimous consent resolution to approve the funding in the Senate. It was ultimately approved in the last aid bill signed in 2022.

In Dec 2021, the defense say-so for FY2022 was passed. Information technology includes authorization of $500 million in funding for State of israel – $200 1000000 in procurements  for missile defense ($108 million for Iron Dome, up to $30 million for David's Sling, up to $62 million for the Arrow iii Upper Tier Interceptor), $300 million for "U.S.-Israel Cooperative Programs" under the category of "Research, Evolution, Test, and Evaluation." It as well includes authorization for an boosted $30 million (at least) over v years ​​to fund U.S.-Israel cybersecurity cooperation.

The same calendar month, the U.S. and Israel signed a $2 billion deal to purchase 12 Lockheed Martin-Sikorsky helicopters to replace the Yasur helicopters currently in performance. Under a second agreement, worth $1 billion, Israel will acquire 2 Boeing KC-46 refueling aircraft.

In March 2022, Congress approved the largest funding package for Israel in history. Information technology included:

• $i billion in emergency Iron Dome funding.
• $iii.3 billion in security assistance.
• $500 million in missile defense cooperation.
• The Israel Relations Normalization Act to support and expand peace and normalization agreements between Israel and the UAE, Bahrain, Sudan, and Morocco.
• $47.5 meg for anti-tunneling technology.
• $25 million to gainsay drone terrorism.
• $4 one thousand thousand for U.S.-Israel healthcare cooperation.
• $1 million for U.South.-Israel agriculture cooperation.
• $6 million for U.S.-State of israel energy cooperation.
• $2 million for U.Southward.-Israel homeland security cooperation.
• $2 1000000 for U.S.-Israel international development cooperation.
• $50 meg for the Nita M. Lowey Middle E Partnership for Peace Act to foster economic cooperation and people-to-people peacebuilding programs between Israelis, Palestinians, and Americans.
• $half-dozen million for the Center East Regional Cooperation program to facilitate research collaboration between Israel and other countries in the region.
• $5 1000000 for refugee resettlement in Israel.

The legislation also condemned the United nations Commission of Research against Israel and called on the administration to publicly denounce and work to contrary the anti-State of israel bias at the UN Human Rights Council. It too condemned Iran'due south aggressive and destabilizing activities.

Examples of Major Arms Sales to Israel

Amount/Description	Cong. Notice	Primary Contractor(s)	Estimated Cost
75 F-35A Articulation Strike Fighter (Lightning Two) Aircraft	2008	Lockheed Martin	$xv.two billion
JP-viii aviation fuel, diesel fuel, and unleaded gasoline	2013	N/A	$ii billion
600 AIM-9X-2 Sidewinder Block II Air- air missiles and associated equipment	2014	Raytheon	$544 meg
14,500 Joint Directly Set on Munitions (JDAM) and associated equipment	2015	Various	$one.879 billion
Equipment to support Backlog Defence force Articles sale of viii SH-60F Body of water Hawk Helicopters	2016	Scientific discipline and Engineering Services and General Electric	$300 million
13 76mm naval guns and technical support	2017	DRS North America	$440 million
240 Namer armored personal carrier ability packs and associated equipment	2019	MTU America	$238 one thousand thousand
KC-46A aerial refueling aircraft	2020	Boeing Corporation	$2.four billion
JP-viii aviation fuel, diesel fuel, and unleaded gasoline	2020	Due north/A	$3 billion
xviii CH-53K Heavy Lift Helicopters (with back up equipment)	2021	Lockheed Martin (parent visitor of Sikorsky) and General Electric Company	$3.4 billion

Quality Military Edge

Up until 1968, the The states sought to remainder any artillery sales to Israel with similar transfers to Arab allies. That changed when Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser connected to defy the Due west and and then provoked the Half dozen Day State of war; the Russians refused to limit their shipments to the region; and third countries — France and West Frg — that the U.Southward. had relied upon to arm Israel stopped the flow of weapons. At that point President Lyndon Johnson recognized the interest of the United States no longer lay in seeking to maintain a rest of power in the region, but rather in seeking to ensure that Israel enjoyed qualitative military superiority. The auction of Israel Phantom jets, the outset sophisticated offensive weapons the United States ever provided Israel, established the precedent for ensuring Israel's Qualitative Military Border (QME) over its adversaries.

Congress passed legislation requiring the administration to "bear out an empirical and qualitative assessment on an ongoing basis of the extent to which State of israel possesses a qualitative armed services edge over military threats." The  Arms Consign Control Act was also amended to crave a determination, for any consign of a U.Southward. defense article to any country in the Center East other than State of israel, that such a sale would non adversely affect State of israel'southward QME.

Israel'due south QME has been maintained over the years past offering State of israel first regional access to U.S. defense technology; providing Israel with a more than advanced version of platforms sold to Arab states or the ability to customize the U.S. organization; placing conditions on the usage and transfer of weapons sold to Arab states; and compensating Israel with additional armed services aid or a weapons package to offset the sale of arms to Arab states.

Total Aid

Altogether, since 1949, State of israel has received more than $150 billion in assist. This does not includes the the $10 billion in loan guarantees (spread over five years) canonical in 1992 or the $nine billion in guarantees offered in 2003. It does include a variety of smaller aid-related accounts, such every bit refugee resettlement ($1.7 billion overall since 1973), the American Schools and Hospitals Abroad Program (ASHA), which supports schools, libraries and medical centers that demonstrate American ideas and practices ($178 million), and cooperative development programs (a total of $186 one thousand thousand since 1981). The total also includes almost $7.vi billion for articulation military projects like the Arrow missile (for which Israel has received more $3.v billion since 1986), which are provided through the defense budget.

Every bit a "major non-NATO ally," State of israel as well receives assistance from the Excess Defense force Manufactures (EDA) plan, which allows the United States to reduce its inventory of outdated equipment by providing friendly countries with necessary supplies at either reduced rates or no charge. From 2010 to 2019, Israel received at to the lowest degree $385 million in EDA deliveries.

Under the terms of the Obama MOU, the amount of aid money that tin be spent in Israel (Off-Shore Procurement - OSP) will be phased out. It is gradually reduced in the first five years and then more dramatically in the terminal five.

Though the totals are impressive, the value of aid to Israel has been eroded by aggrandizement. On the other side of the coin, Israel receives aid on more than favorable terms than other nations.

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Sources: Clyde R. Marker, "State of israel: U.S. Strange Aid," Congressional Research Service, (July 12, 2004).
U.South. Land Department.
USAID.
Congressional Budget Justification for FY06 Strange Operations, (March 2005).
Jeremy M. Abrupt, "U.Due south. Foreign Assist to State of israel," (DC: Congressional Research Service, (December 22, 2016).
Jim Zanotti, "Israel: Groundwork and U.Southward. Relations," Congressional Inquiry Service, (February 28, 2014).
FACT SHEET: Memorandum of Understanding Reached with State of israel, The White Business firm, (September 14, 2016).
Herb Keinon, U.s.a. increased military aid to Israel ahead of Trump visit, Jerusalem Post, (May 25, 2017).
"New defense budget pecker foresees US-Israel counter-drone cooperation," Defense News, (August 13, 2018).
AIPAC.
"Amid Islamic republic of iran tensions, State of israel said to ask US to speed up commitment of air refuelers," Times of Israel, (July 8, 2020).
"Israel to receive 990 millions gallons of diesel from United States," Jerusalem Post, (July eight, 2020).
Jeremy Sharp, "U.Southward. Foreign Aid to Israel," Congressional Research Service, (Nov 16, 2020).
Judah Ari Gross, "Ministers approve NIS 9 billion purchase of aircraft, arms from The states," Times of Israel, (February 8, 2021).
Jacqueline Alemany, "Power Up: Biden administration approves $735 million weapons sale to Israel, raising red flags for some Business firm Democrats," Washington Post, (May 17, 2021).
Ron Kampeas, "House leader drops plan to ask for weapons transfer delay to Israel, promises greater oversight," JTA, (May eighteen, 2021).
Dan Arkin, "Usa State Department approves auction of CH-53K helicopters to Israeli Air Strength,"IsraelDefense, (August 1, 2021).
"United states of america and Israel Ink Defense Agreements to Supply New Fleet of Helicopters, Refueling Aircraft," Algemeiner, (December 31, 2021).
Betsy Berns Korn, "Congress passes record $4.8 billion for Israel'southward security," electronic mail from AIPAC, (March x, 2022).
Jeremy Thou. Sharp,"U.S. Foreign Aid to State of israel," Congressional Research Service, (February 18, 2022).

Source: https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/history-and-overview-of-u-s-foreign-aid-to-israel

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